An algorithm for power transmission line fault detection based on improved YOLOv4 model.

In response to the escalating demand for real-time and accurate fault detection in power transmission lines, this paper undertook an optimization of the existing YOLOv4 network. This involved the substitution of the main feature extraction network within the original YOLOv4 model with a lighter EfficientNet network. Additionally, the inclusion of Grouped Convolution modules in the feature pyramid structure replaced conventional convolution operations. The resulting model not only reduced model parameters but also effectively ensured detection accuracy. Moreover, in enhancing the model's reliability, data augmentation techniques were employed to bolster the robustness of the power transmission line fault detection algorithm. This optimization further utilized the DIoU loss function to stabilize target box regression. Comparative experiments demonstrated the improved YOLOv4 model's superior performance in terms of loss function optimization while significantly enhancing detection speed under equivalent configurations. The parameter capacity was reduced by 81%, totaling merely 43.65 million, while the frame rate surged by 85% to achieve 24 frames per second. These experimental findings validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Ordered Mesoporous Crystalline Frameworks Toward Promising Energy Applications.

Ordered mesoporous crystalline frameworks (MCFs), which possess both functional frameworks and well-defined porosity, receive considerable attention because of their unique properties including high surface areas, large pore sizes, tailored porous structures, and compositions. Construction of novel crystalline mesoporous architectures that allows for rich accessible active sites and efficient mass transfer is envisaged to offer ample opportunities for potential energy-related applications. In this review, the rational synthesis, unique structures, and energy applications of MCFs are the main focus. After summarizing the synthetic approaches, an emphasis is placed on the delicate control of crystallites, mesophases, and nano-architectures by concluding basic principles and showing representative examples. Afterward, the currently fabricated components of MCFs such as metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal-organic frameworks are described in sequence. Further, typical applications of MCFs in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis are highlighted. This review ends with the possible development and synthetic challenges of MCFs as well as a future prospect for high-efficiency energy applications, which underscores a pathway for developing advanced materials.

Optimal vaccination ages for emerging infectious diseases under limited vaccine supply.

Rational allocation of limited vaccine resources is one of the key issues in the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases. An age-structured infectious disease model with limited vaccine resources is proposed to explore the optimal vaccination ages. The effective reproduction number [Formula: see text] of the epidemic disease is computed. It is shown that the reproduction number is the threshold value for eradicating disease in the sense that the disease-free steady state is globally stable if [Formula: see text] and there exists a unique endemic equilibrium if [Formula: see text]. The effective reproduction number is used as an objective to minimize the disease spread risk. Using the epidemic data from the early spread of Wuhan, China and demographic data of Wuhan, we figure out the strategies to distribute the vaccine to the age groups to achieve the optimal vaccination effects. These analyses are helpful to the design of vaccination schedules for emerging infectious diseases.

Effects of Postural Resonance on Skin Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure: A Pilot Study Evaluating Vascular Tone Baroreflex Stimulation Through Biofeedback.

Heart rate and vascular tension baroreflex exhibit resonance characteristics at approximately 0.1 and 0.03 Hz. In this study, we aimed to induce postural resonance (PR) through rhythmic postural adjustments. To assess the viability of this technique, we investigated the acute impacts of postural resonance on blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, and mood. Fifteen healthy study participants, consisting of 8 males and 7 females, were selected for this self-controlled study. Skin sympathetic nerve activity was continuously monitored during both the intervention and stress test on the experimental day. After PR intervention, the diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the PR group exhibited significant reductions compared to the CON group (P = 0.032, CON = 71.67 ± 2.348, PR = 64.08 ± 2.35; P = 0.041, CON = 75.00 ± 2.17, PR = 81.67 ± 2.17). After PR intervention both left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and right brachial ankle pulse wave velocity exhibited a significant reduction compared to pre-intervention levels (from 1115.86 ± 150.08 to 1048.43 ± 127.40 cm/s, p < 0.001; 1103.86 ± 144.35 to 1060.43 ± 121.35 cm/s, p = 0.018). PR intervention also led to a significant decrease in burst frequency and duration (P = 0.049; CON = 8.96 ± 1.17, PR = 5.51 ± 1.17) and a noteworthy decrease in burst amplitude and burst threshold during the cold-pressor test (P = 0.002; P = 0.002). Additionally, VAS scores exhibited a substantial increase following PR (P = 0.035, CON = 28.4 ± 4.49, PR = 42.17 ± 4.10). PR can induce resonance effects within the cardiovascular system, resulting in the effective reduction of blood pressure, skin sympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave velocity, and decreased burst amplitude and burst threshold of the sympathetic nerve during the cold-pressor test.

LINC00926 promotes progression of renal cell carcinoma via regulating miR-30a-5p/SOX4 axis and activating IFNγ-JAK2-STAT1 pathway.

The role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains further study. Whether lncRNA may be used to predict the immunotherapy efficacy of RCC is less studied. In this study, LINC00926 was found to be mainly located in cytoplasm by FISH and RNA nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation. Downregulation of LINC00926 in RCC cell lines inhibited the progression and metastasis of RCC cells. RNA pull-down assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that LINC00926 functioned as miR-30a-5p sponge to facilitate SOX4 expression. LINC00926 overexpression in BALB/c mice enhanced PD-L1 surface expression and resulted in immune escape. Mechanistic investigations showed that LINC00926 competitively bound to Lyn, leading to the inhibition of CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, and stabilized Lyn, contributing to the activation of IFNγ-JAK2-STAT1 signaling pathway. Moreover, LINC00926, together with PD-L1 or PD-1 expression, may predict the overall survival in RCC patients. Therefore, LINC00926 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target and a biomarker to predict ICB immunotherapy response in RCC.

Model-Aware Pre-Training for Radial Distortion Rectification.

Camera lenses often suffer from optical aberrations, causing radial distortion in the captured images. In those images, there exists a clear and general physical distortion model. However, in existing solutions, such rich geometric prior is under-utilized, and the formulation of an effective prediction target is under-explored. To this end, we introduce Radial Distortion TRansformer (RDTR), a new framework for radial distortion rectification. Our RDTR includes a model-aware pre-training stage for distortion feature extraction and a deformation estimation stage for distortion rectification. Technically, on the one hand, we formulate the general radial distortion (i.e., barrel distortion and pincushion distortion) in camera-captured images with a shared geometric distortion model and perform a unified model-aware pre-training for its learning. With the pre-training, the network is capable of encoding the specific distortion pattern of a radially distorted image. After that, we transfer the learned representations to the learning of distortion rectification. On the other hand, we introduce a new prediction target called backward warping flow for rectifying images with any resolution while avoiding image defects. Extensive experiments are conducted on our synthetic dataset, and the results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance while operating in real-time. Besides, we also validate the generalization of RDTR on real-world images. Our source code and the proposed dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/wwd-ustc/RDTR.

Heroic viticulture: Environmental and socioeconomic challenges of unique heritage landscapes.

Steep-slope agricultural landscapes cover a small fraction of global agricultural areas.1 Despite the limited coverage, they are relevant for high-quality food and wine production, history, and landscape value. On steep slopes, centuries of effort and tradition have created a unique cultural heritage to be preserved. Here, peculiar traditional local knowledge of soil and water conservation combined with agronomic practices (e.g., dry-stone wall terracing) has been handed down for generations. However, such landscapes are fragile and under threat.

[Immune regulation mechanism of Saposhnikoviae Radix polysaccharide based on zebrafish model].

The immunomodulatory effect of Saposhnikoviae Radix polysaccharide(SRP) was evaluated based on the zebrafish mo-del, and its mechanism was explored by transcriptome sequencing and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). The immune-compromised model was induced by navelbine in the immunofluorescence-labeled transgenic zebrafish Tg(lyz: DsRed), and the effect of SRP on the density and distribution of macrophages in zebrafish was evaluated. The effect of SRP on the numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in wild-type AB zebrafish was detected by neutral red and Sudan black B staining. The content of NO in zebrafish was detected by DAF-FM DA fluorescence probe. The content of IL-1ß and IL-6 in zebrafish was detected by ELISA. The differentially expressed genes(DEGs) of zebrafish in the blank control group, the model group, and the SRP treatment group were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The immune regulation mechanism was analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment, and the expression levels of key genes were verified by RT-qPCR. The results showed that SRP could significantly increase the density of immune cells in zebrafish, increase the number of macrophages and neutrophils, and reduce the content of NO, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in immune-compromised zebrafish. The results of transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that SRP could affect the expression level of immune-related genes on Toll-like receptor pathway and herpes simplex infection pathway to affect the release of downstream cytokines and interferon, thereby completing the activation process of T cells and playing a role in regulating the immune activity of the body.

Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and handgrip strength in American adults: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014).

Background: The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a composite score of multiple dietary antioxidants (including vitamin A, C, and E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids), represents an individual's comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake profile. CDAI was developed based on its combined effect on pro-inflammatory markers Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory effects of Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), which are associated with many health outcomes, including depression, all-cause mortality, colorectal cancer, etc. Handgrip strength is used as a simple measure of muscle strength, not only is it highly correlated with overall muscle strength, but also serves as a diagnostic tool for many adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia and frailty syndromes. Purpose: The association between CDAI and Handgrip strength (HGS) is currently unclear. This study investigated the association between CDAI (including its components) and HGS in 6,019 American adults. Method: The research data were selected from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), and a total of 6,019 American adults were screened and included. A weighted generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate CDAI (including its components) and HGS. Results: (1) CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.009, 0.005∼0.013, P < 0.001), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.084, 0.042∼0.126, P = 0.002) and significant in trend test (P for trend < 0.0100). Gender subgroup analysis showed that male CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.015, 0.007∼0.023, P = 0.002), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.131, 0.049∼0.213, P = 0.006) and the trend test was significant (P for trend < 0.0100). There was no correlation between female CDAI and HGS, and the trend test was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) The intake of dietary vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium showed a significant positive correlation with HGS (ß = 0.004, 0.002∼0.007, P = 0.006; ß = 0.007, 0.004∼0.009, P < 0.001; ß = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P < 0.001), vitamin A, vitamin C and carotenoid were significantly associated with HGS in the Crude Model, but this significant association disappeared in the complete model with the increase of control variables. Gender subgroup analysis showed that in model 3, male dietary intake levels of vitamin E, Zinc, and Selenium were significantly positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.005, 0.002∼0.009, P = 0.011; ß = 0.007, 0.004∼0.011, P = 0.001; ß = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P = 0.004), the rest of the indicators had no significant correlation with HGS. Among the female subjects, dietary zinc intake was significantly positively correlated with HGS (ß = 0.005, 0.001∼0.008, P = 0.008), and there was no significant correlation between other indicators and HGS (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was an association between the CDAI and HGS, but there was a gender difference, and there was an association between the CDAI and HGS in male, but the association was not significant in female. Intake of the dietary antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and zinc was associated with HGS in male, but only zinc was associated with HGS among dietary antioxidants in female.

Prussian Blue Nanozyme Treatment of Ischemic Brain Injury via Reducing Oxidative Stress Inhibits Inflammation, Suppresses Apoptosis, and Promotes Neurological Recovery.

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and severe disability. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after ischemic injury causes a series of inflammatory reactions, which is considered to be the key factor in aggravating brain injury. However, the current clinical drug treatment effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, ROS scavengers that can remove excess ROS production have great therapeutic potential. Nanoenzymes with potent antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory properties have the potential to treat ischemic stroke. Herein, we used a Prussian blue nanoenzyme (PBzyme) to study the treatment of ischemic stroke. The comprehensive effects of PBzyme on ROS in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Pbzyme inhibited the activation of macrophages and the release of inflammatory factors in the brain, promoted the polarization of microglia to M2, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and promoted the recovery of neurological function after ischemic stroke. This research may provide a promising application for nanoenzymes to treat brain diseases.

Natural Products and Gastric Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression.

Gastric cancer is a severe malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, which seriously affects people's health. At present, the most common treatment for gastric cancer is chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy is very harmful to the human body, and some of the injuries caused by chemotherapy are irreversible. Natural products have low toxicity and anti-cancer activity, so they are currently widely studied at present. Natural products are a large variety of compounds naturally found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants. It is reported that natural products have different anti-cancer properties. This review has summarized the study of natural products in inducing gastric cancer cell apoptosis, inhibiting gastric cancer cell metastasis, and inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation. The relevant references on gastric cancer and natural products were obtained from scientific databases, including Pub- Med, Web of Science, and Science Direct. This paper records dozens of natural products with anti-gastric tumor activity and describes the potential living anti-cancer chemical compounds, their element targets, and their underlying mechanism. This review may lay the foundation for future researchers to treat gastric cancer.

Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells inhibits skin cancer progression via miR-199a-5p/SOX4.

Although miR-199a-5p is linked to the development of numerous cancers, its regulatory role in skin cancer is unclear. In this work, the impact of miR-199a-5p produced by adipose-derived stem cells on malignant melanoma skin cancer was investigated.30 pair tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were obtained from skin cancer patients. Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSCs) were isolated from adipose tissues harvested from healthy subjects. The mRNA relative expression was evaluated via qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation ability was measured via CCK-8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The connection between miR-199a-5p and SOX4 was confirmed via luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was conducted to evaluate protein expression. MiR-199a-5p was higher expressed in ADSCs exosomes and was lower expressed in skin cancer tissues and cells. ADSCs-derived exosomes inhibited cell invasion of skin cancer. MiR-199a-5p inhibitor enhanced cell viability and invasion. In addition, miR-199a-5p inhibitor suppressed cell apoptosis. MiR-199a-5p NC transfected ADSCs inhibited cell viability and invasion while miR-199a-5p mimic transfected ADSCs further inhibited cell viability and invasion. In addition, miR-199a-5p NC transfected ADSCs enhanced cell apoptosis while miR-199a-5p mimic transfected ADSCs further enhanced cell apoptosis. Luciferase supported the targetscan prediction that miR-199a-5p might control SOX4 expression. SOX4 expression was noticeably lower in the miR-199a-5p mimic group.Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells inhibited skin cancer progression via miR-199a-5p/SOX4.

Identification of cuproptosis hub genes contributing to the immune microenvironment in ulcerative colitis using bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification.

Instruction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) can cause a variety of immune-mediated intestinal dysfunctions and is a significant model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colorectal cancer (CRC) mostly occurs in patients with ulcerative colitis. Cuproptosis is a type of procedural death that is associated with different types of diseases to various degrees. Methods: We used a combination of bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification to study the correlation between copper poisoning and UC. We used the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain disease gene expression data and then identified relevant genes involved in various expression levels in normal and UC samples. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed to cluster the genes that are highly responsible and find the central interaction in gene crosstalk. Notably, DLD, DLAT, and PDHA1 were present in high-scoring PPI networks. In addition, hub gene expression information in UC tissues was integrated to estimate the relationship between UC copper poisoning and the immune environment. Results: In our study, the expression of DLD, DLAT, and PDHA1 in UC tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. The key genes associated with cuproptosis have therapeutic effects on immune infiltration. We verified the expression of DLD, DLAT, and PDHA1 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mouse models of UC induced by DSS. Discussion: Notably, this study clearly indicates that bioinformatic analysis performed to verify the experimental methods provides evidence that cuproptosis is associated with UC. This finding suggests that immune cell infiltration in UC patients is associated with cuproptosis. The key genes associated with cuproptosis can be helpful for discovering the molecular mechanism of UC, thus facilitating the improvement of UC treatment and preventing the associated CRC.

Effects of trunk posture on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems: A pilot study.

Objective: Although regular and moderate physical activity has been shown to improve the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, little has been done to study the effects of postural changes in the movement on the heart and autonomic nervous system. To uncover changes in cardiac function and autonomic nerves induced by different underlying posture transitions and explore which trunk postures lead to chronic sympathetic activation. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of trunk posture on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems. Methods: Twelve male subjects (age 24.7 ± 1.3) underwent this study. The non-invasive cardiac output NICOM monitoring equipment and the FIRSTBEAT system are used to dynamically monitor seven trunk postures in the sitting position simultaneously (neutral position, posterior extension, forward flexion, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, right rotation). Each posture was maintained for 3 min, and the interval between each movement was 3 min to ensure that each index returned to the baseline level. Repeated analysis of variance test was used to compare and analyze the differences in human cardiac function, heart rate variability index, and respiratory rate under different postures. Results: Compared with the related indicators of cardiac output in a neutral trunk position: the cardiac index (CI) was significantly reduced in forwarding flexion and left rotation (3.48 ± 0.34 vs. 3.21 ± 0.50; 3.48 ± 0.34 vs. 3.21 ± 0.46, Δ L/(min/m2)) (p = 0.016, p = 0.013), cardiac output decreased significantly (6.49 ± 0.78 vs. 5.93 ± 0.90; 6.49 ± 0.78 vs. 6.00 ± 0.96, Δ L/min) (p = 0.006, p = 0.014), the stroke volume (stroke volume)decreased significantly (87.90 ± 15.10 vs. 81.04 ± 16.35; 87.90 ± 15.10 vs. 79.24 ± 16.83, Δ ml/beat) (p = 0.017, p = 0.0003); heart rate increased significantly in posterior extension (75.08 ± 10.43 vs. 78.42 ± 10.18, Δ beat/min) (p = 0.001); left rotation stroke volume index (SVI) decreased significantly (47.28 ± 7.97 vs. 46.14 ± 8.06, Δ ml/m2) (p = 0.0003); in the analysis of HRV-related indicators, compared with the neutral trunk position, the LF/HF of the posterior extension was significantly increased (1.90 ± 1.38 vs. 3.00 ± 1.17, p = 0.037), and the LF/HF of the forward flexion was significantly increased (1.90 ± 1.38 vs. 2.85 ± 1.41, p = 0.041), and the frequency-domain index LF/HF of right rotation was significantly increased (1.90 ± 1.38 vs. 4.06 ± 2.19, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in respiratory rate (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A neutral trunk is the best resting position, and deviations from a neutral trunk position can affect the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems, resulting in decreased stroke volume, increased heart rate, and relative activation of sympathetic tone.

Whole-exome sequencing identified a homozygous novel RAG1 mutation in a child with omenn syndrome.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Omenn syndrome (OS) is a very rare type of severe combined immunodeficiencies manifested with erythroderma, eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymph-adenopathy, and elevated level of serum IgE. OS is inherited with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Germline mutations in the human RAG1 gene cause OS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we investigated a 2-month-old boy with cough, mild anaemia, pneumonia, immunodeficiency, repeated infection, feeding difficulties, hepatomegaly, growth retardation, and heart failure. Parents of the proband were phenotypically normal. RESULTS: Karyotype analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis found no chromosomal structural abnormalities (46, XY) and no pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) in the proband. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous single nucleotide deletion (c.2662delC) in exon 2 of the RAG1 gene in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed that both the proband parents were carrying this variant in a heterozygous state. This variant was not identified in two elder sisters and one elder brother of the proband and in the 100 ethnically matched normal healthy individuals. This novel homozygous deletion (c.2662delC) leads to the frameshift, which finally results in the formation of the truncated protein (p.Leu888Phefs*3) V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 with 890 amino acids compared with the wildtype V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 of 1043 amino acids. Hence, it is a loss-of-function variant. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study expands the mutational spectrum of the RAG1 gene associated with OS. We also strongly suggested the importance of whole-exome sequencing for the genetic screening of patients with OS.

Association between Handgrip Strength and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Nationwide Study, NHANES 2011-2014.

(1) Background: The Systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) has been proven to be an effective biomarker of human immune and inflammatory levels and has prognostic significance for most diseases. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and low-cost strength measurement method, which is not only highly correlated with overall muscle strength but also accurately and reliably predicts the risk of multiple chronic diseases and mortality; (2) Purpose: Association between HGS and the SII is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HGS and the SII in American adults; (3) Methods: We used the data from the 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving a total of 8232 American adults (aged 18-80 years). The SII was calculated as the Platelet count × Neutrophil count/Lymphocyte count; HGS was recorded as the ratio of the sum of the highest grip-strength values of each hand to body mass index taken as the relative grip strength. A weighted generalized linear regression model and analysis of restricted cubic spline regression, adjusted for confounding factors, were used in this study to assess associations between HGS and the SII in American adults; (4) Results: There was a negative correlation between the HGS and the SII of different sexes (p < 0.05), and there was a significant negative nonlinear relationship between the HGS and the SII in males (p for nonlinear = 0.0035), and the SII showed a downward trend with the increase in the HGS in males (Q2: ß = -61.03, p = 0.01; Q3: ß = -61.28, p = 0.04, Q4: ß = -64.36, p = 0.03, p for trend = 0.04), when the HGS exceeds 3.16, with the HGS increasing, the downward trend of increasing the SII slowed down. The nonlinear relationship between the HGS and the SII in females was not significant (p for nonlinear = 0.1011), and the SII showed a linear downward trend with the increase in the HGS (Q2: ß = -24.91, p = 0.25; Q3: ß = -62.01, p = 0.03, Q4: ß = -74.94, p = 0.03, p for trend = 0.01); (5) Conclusions: HGS is inversely and independently associated with SII levels, and although the limited cubic spline regression analysis showed gender differences, the overall trend of the HGS and the SII in different genders was consistent, with both showing that the SII decreased with increasing the HGS. In addition, HGS has high general applicability based on its ease of measurement; it is possible to understand one's own grip-strength level through routine grip-strength tests, and to make preliminary predictions on the current level of immunity and inflammation in the body.

Competitive exclusion of two viral strains of COVID-19.

The pandemic COVID-19 has caused severe losses in public health and economy. One of the most difficult problems in prevention of the disease spread is the emergence of new variants. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated, which captures the main feature of COVID-19 spread with two viral strains. It is shown by analytical method that the model exhibits the competitive exclusion principle, where one viral strain with the larger basic reproduction number is dominant and the viral strain with the smaller reproduction number is excluded. The results are important for the deployment of prevention policy of COVID-19.

Spatiotemporal pattern recognition and dynamical analysis of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.

Shanghai suffered a large outbreak of Omicron mutant of COVID-19 at the beginning of March 2022. To figure out the spatiotemporal patterns of the epidemic, a retrospective statistical investigation, coupled with a dynamic model, is implemented in this study. The hotspots of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions are identified, and strong aggregative effects in the decay stage are found. Besides, the visualization of disease diffusion is provided to show how COVID-19 disease invades all districts of Shanghai in the early stage. Furthermore, the calculations from the dynamic model manifest the effect of detections to suppress the epidemic dissemination. These results reveal the strategies to improve the spatial control of disease.

Analysis of the Geographic Transmission Differences of COVID-19 in China Caused by Population Movement and Population Density.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic and caused huge healthy and economic losses. Non-pharmaceutical interventions, especially contact tracing and social distance restrictions, play a vital role in the control of COVID-19. Understanding the spatial impact is essential for designing such a control policy. Based on epidemic data of the confirmed cases after the Wuhan lockdown, we calculate the invasive reproduction numbers of COVID-19 in the different regions of China. Statistical analysis indicates a significant positive correlation between the reproduction numbers and the population input sizes from Wuhan, which indicates that the large-scale population movement contributed a lot to the geographic spread of COVID-19 in China. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between reproduction numbers and local population densities, which shows that the higher population density intensifies the spread of disease. Considering that in the early stage, there were sequential imported cases that affected the estimation of reproduction numbers, we classify the imported cases and local cases through the information of epidemiological data and calculate the net invasive reproduction number to quantify the local spread of the epidemic. The results are applied to the design of border control policy on the basis of vaccination coverage.